Method of weaving seamless bags



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METHOD OF WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS. No. 415,157. Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

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I METHOD OF WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS. No. 415,157. Patented Nov. 12,1889.

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A. D. EMERY. METHOD OF WBAVING SEAMLESS BAGS. No. 415,157. Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

ABRAM D. EMERY, OF TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF WE AVING SEAMLESS BAGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,157, dated November 12, 1889.

Application filed August 3, 1889.

T0 aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ABRAM D. EMERY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Taunton, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Method of \Veaving Seamless Bags, of which the following is a full description.

My invention relates to a method of making seamless bags such as are described and claimed in application filed by me May 31, 1889, Serial No. 312,832, (Case 17.) Thebags here referred to consist of a body part, aclosed bottom, and an open mouth, and are composed of chain-threads running lengthwise of the bag and two separate weft-threads running across the bag. The method of making these bags involves to some extent the principles of weaving as set forth in application filed by me February 28, 1888, Serial No. 265,639, (Case 1.) I employ, as before, two shuttles making simultaneous passages through two paths or openings simultaneously made in the chain-threads. In weaving the bottom of the bag all the chain-threads are shed to form a single fabric by passing the threads in regular order from the inside of one half to the outside of the other half. The shuttles, however, are passed back and forth in the same path and are not reversed at the side. In weaving the body of the bag the chain-threads are divided with reference to shedding into three parts. The chainthreads on the two edges are shed to form a single fabric by passing threads from one half to the other and back again, and the threads in the middle are shed to form two fabrics side by side by causing the openings or paths to be made between the same two chain-threads or series of chain-threads at each passage of the shuttles, as explained in application, Serial No. 265,639, referred to. These three divisions of the chain-threads coming from different chain-rollers and governed by different heddle motions constitute, essentially, but a single set of chain-threads in the sense that they are shed simultaneously for the passage of the weft-threads. The weftthreads are not transferred at the side of the loom, as in my prior case referred to, but make passages back and forth in the same half of the chain. The result of the opera- Serial No. 319,700. (No model.)

tion is to weave two separate sides or halves of the bag proper, which are united into a single fabric at the edges by the interlacing of the chain-threads around the weft-threads. This operation is continued for double the length of the body of a single bag, when all the chain-threads are again interlaced around the weft-threads to. form the bottom of the bags, and so on, forming an endless chain of bags.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 1, represent the component parts of a loom and the four sheddings used to form the body of the bag. Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, Sheet 2, represent in like manner the four sheddings necessary to form the single fabric or part in which all the chain-threads are interlaced around the two weft-threads to close the bottom of the bags. Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 of Sheet 3 are enlarged cross-sections of the four sheddings of Figs. 1 to 4, Sheet 1, or those used to form the body of the bag. Figs. 13, l-it, 15, and 16, Sheet 3, in like manner are enlarged cross-sections of the four sheddings of Figs. 5 to 8, Sheet 2,0r the sheddings used to interlace all the chainthreads around the two weft-threads to form a single piece of cloth to form the bottom of the bags. Fig. 17 of Sheet 4 is a draft of the chain-threads in conventional style, taken on the side R of the several views of the sheddings, as shown in Figs. 1 to 8, Sheets 1 and 2, and enlarged cross-sections, Figs. 9 to 16, Sheet 8. Fig. 19, Sheet 3, is a cross-section of the heddles, showing the manner or order of drawing through the chain-threads. Fig. 18 is a plan of the bag, showing the several positions of the threads.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 8, Sheets 1 and 2, the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate the chainthreads in the center of the loom, which are shed uniformly in pairs, to weave the two halves or sides of the bags.

The numerals 1', 2, 3, and 4' indicate the chain-threads at the edges of the loom, which are so shed asto be interlaced about the weftthreads to form the closed edges of the bag.

The chain-threads 2 and 4 are those used to form the separate half or fabric on the side R, and 1 and 3 are those used to form the fabric on the side L. The chain-threads pass around compensating whip-rollers, as more fully explained in the application filed by me May 31, 1889, Serial No. 312,828, (Case 13.) The chain-threads 3 and 3 and at and 4: pass over the equalizing-lever 25, while 1 and 1 and 2 and 2 pass over the equalizinglever 26. The chain-threads pass between the bend ng-rollers 23 and 24, which keep the threads forming the outside of the sheddings at an equal tension, as more fully explained,

in the application last referred to.

The numeral 5 indicates the shaded weftthread shown from the shuttle 7. v

The numeral 6 indicates the plain weftthread from .the shuttle 8.

The numeral 9 indicates the reed through which the weft-threads pass, and 10 the finished fabric.

The threads 1 and 1 pass through heddles 12, threads 2 and 2 pass through heddles 11, threads 3 and 3' pass through heddles 1.3, and threads 4 and 4 pass through heddles 14. The heddles 11 and 12 form an endless band or belt, as shown, and pass around the large roller 19, and at the opposite end pass around the .small roller 21. The bendingroller 22 aligns the heddle 11 with the top of roller 19, and bending-roller 20 aligns the heddle 12 with the bottom of roller 21. The heddles 13 and 14 likewise form an endless band or belt and pass around the large roller 15, at the opposite end passing around the roller 17. The bending-rollers 16 and 18 align the heddles 14. The heddle 13 is tangent to both rollers 15 and 17 It will be understood that the heddles governing the chain-threads in the center, 1, 2, 3, and 4, are given certain movements, indicated by movement of rollers 15 and 19in different actuating devices.

the direction of the light arrows in Figs. 1 to 8, while the heddles governing the two sets of chain-threads at the edges, 1', 2, 3', and 4 are given certain other movements, likewise indicated by the heavy arrows in the same figures. Of course a solid roller could not have both these movements, which are sometimes in opposite directions. The representation is conventional in this respect, and the arrows are merely used to indicate direction of motion of heddles by appropriate mechanism-as by subdividing the roller into parts governing the different sets of chainthreads and actuating each of the parts by These form no part of my present invention, and need no further description.

" The numeral 27 indicates the roll of chain,

the threads of which are used to form the two halves or double part of the bag; and which are designated by the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The numeral 28 indicates the small chainrolls, onelocated on either side of the loom, the threads of which are used to bind the "sides together, and are designated by the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 1'.

I11 the'drawings I have shown four threads on each edge as used to interlace about the the thread 5 in the side L.

L with 1 and 2' in the center.

through the heddles will be seen in Fig. 19,

Sheet 4, in which it will be seen that the threads 1 and 1 are drawn through heddles 12, and that threads 2 and 2 are drawn through heddles 11.

Referring now to the operation in detail, in Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is shown the first shedding, in which it will be seen that thread 4 is extended on the side R and thread 3 on the side L, with threads 1 and 2 in the center. This is the shedding for the part in which the two sides are woven open or separated. The edge chain-threads are meantime shed in different order, as follows: The thread 3' is extended on the side R, and thread 4 is extended on the side L, with threads 1 and 2 in the center. Through this compound double shedding the weft-threads are carried from the rear to the front, shuttle 8 carrying the thread 6 in the side R, and shuttle 7 carrying the thread 5 in the side L'. The threads are shown in position in Fig. 9, Sheet'3, wherein the thread 6 is seen on the side R between the chainthreads 3 and 2 and 4 and 2, and thread 5 is seen between the threads 1' and 4 and 3 and 1 on the side L. The threads 6 and 5 being beaten up form the first pick. The term pick is here used in the sense of meaning the first complete layer of weft made up of the two weft-threads, each carried through a half of the fabric. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows on rollers 15 and 19, Fig. 1, to the position as shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, where thread 2 is seen extended on the side R and thread 1 on the side L, with 3 and 4 in the center, while thread 1 is seen on the side R and 2' on the side L, with threads 3 and 4: in the center. This forms the second'compound shedding. The sh uttles are nowpassed from front to rear in the same sides in which ,they previously passed,'shuttle 8 laying the thread 6 in the side R and shuttle 7 laying The threads are shown in position in Fig. 10, Sheet 3, wherein the thread 6 is on the side R between the threads 2 and 4 and land 3, while the thread 5 is on the side L between the threads 1 and .3 and 2 and 4. .up form the second pick. The heddles are The threads being beaten now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows on rollers 15 and 19 in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, to the position as shown in Fig. 3, where thread 4 is seen extended on the side R and ,thread 3 on the side L, with threads 1 and 2 in the center, while thread 4: is extended on the side R and thread 3 extended 011 the side This forms the third compound double shedding. The shuttles are passed through the same, shuttle 8 carrying thread 6 in the side R and shuttle 7 carrying thread 5 inthe side L. The threads are seen in place in Fig. 11, Sheet 3, where thethread 6 is on the side R between the threads 2 and 4 and 4' and 1, and the thread 5 in the side L, between the threads 3 and 1 and 3 and 2. The threads being beaten up form the third pick. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows on rollers 15 and 19 of Fig. 3, Sheet 1, to the position as shown in Fig. 4, in which the thread 2 is seen extended on the side R and thread 1 on the side L, with threads 3 and 4 in the center, while the threads 2 are extended on the side R and 1 on the side L, with threads 3' and 4 in the center. This forms the fourth compound double shedding, through which the shuttles are then passed, shuttle S laying the thread (i in the side R and shuttle 7 laying the thread 5 in the side L, as will be seen in enlarged view, Fig. 12, Sheet 3, where thread (3 is on the side R between the threads 2 and 4 and 2 and 4, and the thread 5 is on the side L between the threads 1 and 3 and 1 and 3. The threads 5 and 6 being beaten up form the fourth pick, and this completes the sequence of operations in the weaving of the separate sides bound together at the edges, which constitute the body of the bag. Two sheddings complete the sequence of the shuttles and of the chainthreads in the center, and in four sheddings the outside chain-threads, forming the binding of the sides, complete their sequence of changes. The operation now described is continued for the distance necessary to form the bodies of two bags. In passing to the next step in themethod, which is to weave the two sides together all across the loom, all the chainthreads are now shed in unison with the edge or outside chain-threads. The threads will be moved together in the direction as indicated by the heavy arrows in Fig. 4, Sheet 1, to the position as shown in Fig. 5, Sheet 2, in which 3 and 3 are extended on the side R, 4 and 4' on the side L,and 1 and 1 and 2 and 2 in the center, formingthe first double shedding for binding the two sides together into one cloth. The shuttles are passed from rear to front, shuttle 8 carrying the thread 6 in the side R, and shuttle 7 carrying the thread 5 in the side L. The threads will be seen in position in Fig. 13, Sheet 3, wherethe thread 6 is seen in the side R between the threads 2 and 3 and 2' and 3, and the thread 5 is seen on the side L between the threads 1 and 4 and 1 and 4'. The weft-threads being beaten up form the first pick of single cloth. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows on the rollers 15 and 1.), Fig. 5, to the position as seen in Fig. 6, Sheet 2, where the threads 1 and 1' are on the side R, threads 2 and 2 on the side L, and 3 and 3' and 4 and 4 in the center. Through this second double shedding the shuttles are passed from front to rear, shuttle 8 laying thread 6 in the side R, and shuttle 7 laying the thread 5 in the side L, as will be seen in enlarged view, Fig. 14, Sheet 3, where the thread 6 is in the side R between the threads 1 and 3 and 1 and 3', while the thread 5 is in the side L second pick.

between the threads 2 and 4 and 2 and 4. The threads 5 and 6 being beaten up form the The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows on rollers 15 and 19, Fig. 6, to the position as shown in Fig. 7, in which the threads 4 and 4' are on the side R, and 3 and 3' on the side L, with threads 1 and l and 2 and 2 in the center. The shuttles are now passed from rear to front through the sheddings, the shuttle 8 carrying the thread 6 in the side R, and shut-tle 7 carrying the thread 5 in the side L, as will be seen in Fig. 15, Sheet 3, where thread 6 is on the side R between the threads 4 and 1 and 4' and 1',while the thread 5 is on the side L between the threads 3 and 2 and 3 and 2. The threads 5 and 6 being beaten up form the third pick. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 7 to the position as shown in Fig. 8, where the threads 2 and 2' are on the side R, and 1 and 1' on the side L, with 3 and 3' and 4 and 4'in the center, forming the fourth double shedding. Through these sheddings the shuttles are passed,shuttle 8 laying the thread 6 in the side R, and shuttle 7 laying the thread 5 in the side L, as

' will be seen in enlarged view, Fig. 16, Sheet 3,where the thread 6 is on the side R between the threads 2 and 4 and 2 and 4, and the thread 5 is on the side L between the threads 1 and 3 and 1 and 3'. The threads being beaten up form the fourth pick. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the heavy arrows in Fig. 8 to the position as shown in Fig. 5 to form the first shedding of the sequence. These four shed dings are worked over the required number of times to form the bottom for two bags. The heddles will then be moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 8 and place the threads in the position as shown in Fig. 1, Sheet 1, which is the first shedding of the first sequence of compound double shedding to form the sides bound together at the edges. This sequence is worked over, as before, for the length required to form two bags, when the sheddings are again changed to the second sequence and the process continued, producing a series of bags in which one side is formed of one weft-thread and one half the chain-threads, and the other side of the other weft-thread and the remaining half of the chain-threads. The sides are bound together or united at the two edges by interlacing a part of the chain-threads around the two weft-threads, thus forming a tube, and at the proper interval the two sides are bound into one fabric to form thebottom. The distance bepart of the chain-threads around the two weft-threads and the mouth of the raw edge formed by cutting across the chain-threads.

I make no claim in this application to the method of weaving double weight fabrics which is involved in the interweaving of the two sides of the bag to form the closed 'ends of the same. This method is merely incidental to the method of weaving bags which is the subject of the present application,and forms the subject of another application filed by me October 7, 1889, Serial No. 326,247, method of weaving double-weight goods, (Case 25.)

WVhat I claim is l A method ofweaving seamless bags, which consists in forming two paths or openings side by side in a single set of chain-threads, the threads on the two edges being shed in regular order to form -a single fabric, and the threads between the edge threads being shed to form two separate pieces of cloth side by side, then simultaneously introducing a weftthread into each of the openings so formed, and from one edge to the other, repeating the shedding and returning the weft-threads in the same paths, repeating the shedding and again introducing the weft-threads in the same paths, repeating the shedding and re- 30 turning the weft-threads to their original position, and continuing the same for double the length of the body of a single bag, then shedding all the chain-threads in unison with the edge chain-threads to form a single fabric 3 5 all across the loom, and simultaneously pass ing the two weft-threads through the two 1 paths or openings thus formed, repeating the shedding and returning the weft threads through the same paths, repeating the shed- 4o ding and passing the weft-threads through the same paths, repeating the shedding and returning the weft-threads to their original positions, and continuing the same until there are formed the bottoms of two bags, then 5 vrepeating the steps for weaving the body of ithe bag, and so on, forming an endless chain 'of bags.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set :my hand this 29th day of July, A. D. 1889.

ABRAM D. EMERY. Witnesses:

WM. T. DONNELLY, \VALTER T. EMERY. 

